Effects of process-generated hydrogen on RPV walls
Contents
Preface
ii
List of Figures List of Tables Introduction
iv
vii
1
I Literature Review 1 Reactor pressure vessel
3
5 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Function of a reactor pressure vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Design of a reactor pressure vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 Production of a reactor pressure vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 Findings in Doel 3 and Tihange 2 11 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 Flaw indications in Doel 3 and Tihange 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3 Origin of the indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3 Hydrogen in steel 21 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2 Solubility of hydrogen in steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3 Hydrogen trapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4 Sources of hydrogen 29 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.2 Dissolved H 2 in primary water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.3 Corrosion of the RPV wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.4 Radiolysis of the primary water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
II Modeling
37
5 Hydrogen production in PWR 39 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 xi
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